EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP). Scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Oralin®(Enterococcus faecium) as a feed additive for calves for rearing, piglets, chickens for fattening, turkeys for fattening and dogs. EFSA J 2014; 12(6): 3727
EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP). Scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Oralin®(Enterococcus faecium) when used as a feed additive for cats. EFSA J 2014; 12(3): 3602.
Data on file – acid stability
Akimoto M, Nagahata N, Furuya A, Fukushima K, Higuchi S, Suwa T. Gastric pH profiles of beagle dogs and their use as an alternative to human testing. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2000; 49(2): 99-102.
Sagawa K, Li F, Liese R, Sutton SC. Fed and fasted gastric pH and gastric residence time in conscious beagle dogs. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98(7): 2494-2500.
Lui CY, Amidon GL, Berardi RR, Fleisher D, Youngberg C, Dressman JB. Comparison of gastrointestinal pH in dogs and humans: implications on the use of the beagle dog as a model for oral absorption in humans. J Pharm Sci 198; 75(3): 271-274.
Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients 2013; 5(4): 1417-1435.
Tan J, McKenzie C, Potamitis M, Thorburn AN, Mackay CR, Macia L. The role of short-chain fatty acids in health and disease. Adv Immunol 2014; 121: 91-119.
Jalanka J, Major G, Murray K, et al. The effect of psyllium husk on intestinal microbiota in constipated patients and healthy controls. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20(2): 433.
Marzorati M, Qin B, Hildebrand F, et al. Addition of acacia gum to a FOS/inulin blend improves its fermentation profile in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). J Funct Foods 2015; 16: 211-222.
Cherbut C, Michel C, Raison V, Kravtchenko T, Severine M. Acacia gum is a bifidogenic dietary fibre with high digestive tolerance in healthy humans. Microb Ecol Health Dis 2003; 15(1): 43-50.
Gibson GR. Dietary modulation of the human gut microflora using the prebiotics oligofructose and inulin. J Nutr 1999; 129(7): 1438S-41S.
Adam CL, Williams PA, Garden KE, Thomson LM, Ross AW. Dose-dependent effects of a soluble dietary fibre (pectin) on food intake, adiposity, gut hypertrophy and gut satiety hormone secretion in rats. PLoS One 2015; 10(1): e0115438.
Wong TW, Colombo G, Sonvico F. Pectin matrix as oral drug delivery vehicle for colon cancer treatment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12: 201-214.
Bender C, Stoll D, Huch M, et al. Time-dependent fermentation of different structural units of commercial pectins with intestinal bacteria. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 308: 120642.
Villamiel M. What we know about pectin ES Food & Agroforestry 2021; 3:27-30.
Blanco-Pérez F, Steigerwald H, Schülke S, Vieths S, Toda M, Scheurer S. The dietary fiber pectin: health benefits and potential for the treatment of allergies by modulation of gut microbiota. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021; 21: 1-9.
Biagi G, Cipollini I, Grandi M, Zaghini G. Influence of some potential prebiotics and fibre-rich foodstuffs on composition and activity of canine intestinal microbiota. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2010; 159(1-2): 50-58.
Barry KA, Wojcicki BJ, Middelbos IS, Vester BM, Swanson KS, Fahey Jr GC. Dietary cellulose, fructooligosaccharides, and pectin modify fecal protein catabolites and microbial populations in adult cats. J Anim Sci 2010; 88(9): 2978-2987.
Gibb RD, Sloan KJ, McRorie Jr JW. Psyllium is a natural nonfermented gel-forming fiber that is effective for weight loss: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2023; 35(8): 468-476.
Singh B. Psyllium as therapeutic and drug delivery agent. Int J Pharm 2007; 334(1-2): 1-4.
McRorie Jr JW. The physics of fiber in the gastrointestinal tract: laxation, antidiarrheal, and irritable bowel syndrome. In: Dietary Interventions in Gastrointestinal Diseases. Academic Press, 2019: 19-32.
Bliss DZ, Jung HJ, Savik K et al. Supplementation with dietary fiber improves fecal incontinence. Nursing research 2001; 50(4): 203-213.
Washington N, Harris M, Mussellwhite A, Spiller RC. Moderation of lactulose-induced diarrhea by psyllium: effects on motility and fermentation. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 67(2): 317-321.
Ashraf W, Lof J, Jin G, Quigley E. Comparative effects of intraduodenal psyllium and senna on canine small bowel motility. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1994; 8(3): 329-336.
Leib M. Treatment of chronic idiopathic large-bowel diarrhoea in dogs with a highly digestible diet and soluble fiber: a retrospective review of 37 cases. J Vet Intern Med 2000; 14(1): 27-32.
Jiang JQ, Zeng Z. Comparison of modified montmorillonite adsorbents: Part II: The effects of the type of raw clays and modification conditions on the adsorption performance. Chemosphere. 2003; 53(1): 53-62.
Sánchez-Martín MJ, Dorado MC, Del Hoyo C, Rodríguez-Cruz MS. Influence of clay mineral structure and surfactant nature on the adsorption capacity of surfactants by clays. J Haz Mater 2008; 150(1): 115-123.
Ghadiri M, Chrzanowski W, Rohanizadeh R. Biomedical applications of cationic clay minerals. RSC Adv 2015; 5(37): 29467-29481.
Bhattacharyya KG, Gupta SS. Adsorption of a few heavy metals on natural and modified kaolinite and montmorillonite: a review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 140(2): 114-131.
Haladová E, Mojžišová J, Smr?o P, et al. Immunomodulatory effect of glucan on specific and nonspecific immunity after vaccination in puppies. Acta Vet Hung 2011; 59(1): 77-86.
Stuyven E, Verdonck F, Van Hoek I, et al. Oral administration of beta-1,3/1,6-glucan to dogs temporally changes total and antigen-specific IgA and IgM. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2010; 17(2): 281-285.
Hayes KC, Carey RE, Schmidt SY. Retinal degeneration associated with taurine deficiency in the cat. Science 1975; 30: 949-951.
Hickman MA, Morris JG, Rogers QR. Intestinal taurine and the enterohepatic circulation of taurocholic acid in the cat. Adv Exp Med Biol 1992; 315:45-54.
Morris JG, Rogers QR, Pacioretty LM. Taurine: an essential nutrient for cats. J Small Anim Pract 1990; 31(10): 502-509.
Knopf K, Sturman JA, Armstrong M, Hayes KC. Taurine: an essential nutrient for the cat. J Nutr 1978; 108(5): 773-778.
Spitze AR, Wong DL, Rogers QR, Fascetti AJ. Taurine concentrations in animal feed ingredients; cooking influences taurine content. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 2003; 87(78): 251-262.
Nixon, SL, Rose, L, Muller, AT. Efficacy of an orally administered anti-diarrheal probiotic paste (Pro-Kolin Advanced) in dogs with acute diarrhea: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical study. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33: 1286-1294.
