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Synbiotic D-C References

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  2. EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP). Scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Oralin®(Enterococcus faecium) when used as a feed additive for cats. EFSA J 2014; 12(3): 3602.
  3. Schmitz S, Suchodolski J. Understanding the canine intestinal microbiota and its modification by pro, pre and synbiotics–what is the evidence? Veterinary medicine and science 2016; 2(2): 71-94.
  4. Sanders ME, Merenstein DJ, Reid G, Gibson GR, Rastall RA. Probiotics and prebiotics in intestinal health and disease: from biology to the clinic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16(10): 605-616.
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  19. Gibson GR, Probert HM, Loo JV, Rastall RA, Roberfroid MB. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: updating the concept of prebiotics. Nutr Res Rev 2004; 17: 259-75.
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  22. Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients 2013; 5(4): 1417-35.
  23. Marzorati M, Qin B, Hildebrand F, et al. Addition of acacia gum to a FOS/inulin blend improves its fermentation profile in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). J Funct Foods 2015; 16: 211-22.
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  25. Gibson GR. Dietary modulation of the human gut microflora using the prebiotics oligofructose and inulin. J Nutr 1999; 129(7): 1438S-41S.
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  32. LeBlanc JG, Milani C, De Giori GS, Sesma F, Van Sinderen D, Ventura M. Bacteria as vitamin suppliers to their host: a gut microbiota perspective. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 24(2): 160-8.
  33. Strandwitz P. Neurotransmitter modulation by the gut microbiota. Brain Res 2018; 1693: 128-33.
  34. Antonini M, Lo Conte M, Sorini C, Falcone M. How the interplay between the commensal microbiota, gut barrier integrity, and mucosal immunity regulates brain autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10: 1937.
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  41. Suchodolski JS. Analysis of the gut microbiome in dogs and cats. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 2022; 50:6-17.
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  45. Myers SP, Hawrelak J. The causes of intestinal dysbiosis: a review. Altern Med Rev 2004; 9(2): 180-97.
  46. Walker WA. Dysbiosis. In: The Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology. Academic Press, 2017: 227-32.
  47. Schippa S, Conte MP. Dysbiotic events in gut microbiota: impact on human health. Nutrients 2014; 6(12): 5786-805.
  48. Suchodolski JS. Diagnosis and interpretation of intestinal dysbiosis in dogs and cats. Vet J 2016; 215: 30-7.
  49. Suchodolski JS. Dysbiosis and the use of pre, pro and synbiotics. Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine 2020; 30:621-6.
  50. Blaser M. Stop the killing of beneficial bacteria. Nature 2011; 476(7361): 393-4.
  51. Koskiniemi S, Virtanen, P. Selective killing of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from within. Nature 2019; 570(7762): 449-50.
  52. Kahn LH, Bergeron G, Bourassa MW, et al. From farm management to bacteriophage therapy: strategies to reduce antibiotic use in animal agriculture. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1441(1): 31-9.
  53. Pignataro G, Di Prinzio R, Crisi PE, et al. Comparison of the therapeutic effect of treatment with antibiotics or nutraceuticals on clinical activity and the fecal microbiome of dogs with acute diarrhea. Animals 2021; 11(6): 1484.
  54. Hollins SL, Hodgson DM. Stress, microbiota, and immunity. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2019; 28: 66-71.
  55. Evans SJ, Bassis CM, Hein R, et al. The gut microbiome composition associates with bipolar disorder and illness severity. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 87: 23-9.
  56. Kriss M, Hazleton KZ, Nusbacher NM, Martin CG, Lozupone CA. Low diversity gut microbiota dysbiosis: drivers, functional implications and recovery. Curr Opin Microbiol 2018; 44: 34-40.
  57. DeGruttola AK, Low D, Mizoguchi A, Mizoguchi E. Current understanding of dysbiosis in disease in human and animal models. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22(5): 1137-50.
  58. Saffouri GB, Shields-Cutler RR, Chen J, et al. Small intestinal microbial dysbiosis underlies symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Nat Commun 2019; 10(1): 2012.
  59. Shah A, Talley NJ, Holtmann G. Current and future approaches for diagnosing small intestinal dysbiosis in patients with symptoms of functional dyspepsia. Front Neurosci 2022; 16: 830356.
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  61. Data on file – acid stability
  62. Akimoto M, Nagahata N, Furuya A, Fukushima K, Higuchi S, Suwa T. Gastric pH profiles of beagle dogs and their use as an alternative to human testing. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2000; 49(2): 99-102.
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